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Blackwater (coal)
Blackwater is a form of pollution produced in coal preparation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01496398108058319#.UvKtBvl_vJE )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/5842936 )〕 In its purification, coal is crushed in a coal preparation plant and then separated and transported as a coal slurry, From the slurry, incombustible materials are removed and the coal can be sized. After the recovery of the coal particles from this slurry, the remaining water is black, contains very fine particles of coal. This blackwater cannot be processed in a water treatment plant.〔Shiao-Hung Chiang and James T. Cobb "Coal Conversion Processes, Cleaning and Desulfurization" in Kirk-othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology Wiley-VCH, 2000. 〕
==Disasters==
Impoundments for storage of blackwater and other coal-related wastes have a troubled history with often severe environmental consequences.
In February 1972, three dams holding a mixture of coal slurry in Logan County, West Virginia failed in succession: of toxic water were released in the Buffalo Creek Flood. As discussed in the book The Buffalo Creek Flood: An Act of Man, out of a population of 5,000 people, 125 people were killed, 1,121 were injured, and over 4,000 were left homeless. The flood caused 50 million dollars in damages. Despite evidence of negligence, the Pittston Coal Company, which owned the compromised dam, called the event an "Act of God."〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.umich.edu/~snre492/Jones/buffalo.html#Problem )〕 In 2002, a high, long valley fill in Lyburn, West Virginia failed and slid into a sediment pond at the toe of the fill, generating a large wave of water and sediment that destroyed several cars and houses.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.ohvec.org/galleries/mountaintop_removal/006/index.html )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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